Understanding Stainless Steel Coil: Grades,… | Ulbrich

When it comes to metalforming, few materials offer the versatility, strength, and formability of stainless steel strip coil. But if you’re an engineer or procurement lead sourcing metal for critical stamped or deep-drawn parts, you already know that not all coil is created equal.

Link to HWHG

At Ulbrich, we’ve spent a century rolling, refining, and rerolling precision strip products for some of the most demanding industries in the world. We’ve learned that high-performing parts start with high-quality coil, and high-quality coil starts with clarity. Clarity around what’s inside the metal, how it’s made, and how well it fits your tooling, press, and process.

Let’s start by demystifying the most common stainless steel coil grades you’ll encounter and how to choose the right one for your application.

Choosing the Right Stainless Steel Grade Starts with Your Application

The phrase “stainless steel coil” might sound simple. But behind it lies a complex landscape of metallurgical grades, each engineered with specific alloying elements, processing histories, and performance profiles. In metalforming, choosing the right grade is about matching metallurgical properties to real-world forming conditions.

The best way to determine the right stainless steel for an application is not by choosing the material first, but by understanding the demands of the part. Factors such as draw depth, acceptable springback, and surface finish requirements all play a critical role in identifying the ideal alloy and temper. Ulbrich’s technical team supports customers throughout this process, helping them weigh tradeoffs and select the best option for their forming and end-use requirements.

Here’s a breakdown of the most common grades used in stamping, deep draw, and hydroforming, along with the tradeoffs and considerations that come with each.

304 / 304L: The Forming Workhorse

Often referred to as the “18-8” alloy (for its 18% chromium and 8% nickel content), 304 stainless steel is the go-to choice for applications that demand excellent formability and corrosion resistance. It strikes a balance that’s ideal for most moderate-depth draws and compound geometries.

The low-carbon variant, 304L, minimizes carbide precipitation during welding which is critical for drawn parts that require secondary weldments or assemblies.

When to choose it:

• You’re deep drawing kitchen sinks or commercial exhaust components
• You need repeatable results in a range of dies and presses
• Weldability and corrosion resistance are important, but extreme strength is not

316 / 316L: Corrosion Resistance, Elevated

316 picks up right where 304 leaves off. By adding molybdenum to the base alloy, 316 offers enhanced resistance to chlorides and aggressive environments, like those in marine, medical, or chemical applications.

The tradeoff? It’s a bit more expensive, and its work-hardening rate may require dialing in your press forces or tooling clearances.

When to choose it:

• You’re forming parts for coastal infrastructure, surgical tools, or lab equipment
• Chloride resistance is mission-critical
• You need performance at cryogenic temperatures

If you'd like to learn more about when to use 304 vs 316 stainless steel, check out this article.

430: A Cost-Conscious Option for Moderate Forming

As a ferritic stainless steel, 430 lacks nickel which lowers cost, improves polishability, and delivers magnetic properties. It doesn’t offer the same ductility or corrosion resistance as austenitic grades, but for shallow draws and cosmetic trim, it’s often the ideal choice.

When to choose it:

• Your part design is simple, shallow, or doesn’t require high elongation
• Appearance and magnetism matter (e.g., appliance trim)
• You need a budget-friendly option without sacrificing too much performance

201 / 201LN: Strength and Value in One

By substituting manganese for some of the nickel in 304, 201 series stainless delivers similar strength and corrosion resistance but often at a lower cost. That said, these grades can work-harden more aggressively, making them trickier to form without proper process control.

When to choose it:

• You’re forming transit panels, cookware, or decorative items
• Dent resistance matters as much as ductility
• You’re running high-volume progressive dies and need cost efficiency

17-7PH: Spring-Tempered Performance

For components that require long-term elastic performance, think constant force springs or surgical clips, precipitation hardening stainless like 17-7PH can be cold worked and heat treated to provide high strength and stability under load.

When to choose it:

• You’re manufacturing dynamic parts that flex or hold tension
• Dimensional stability and springback are critical
• Your component requires strength beyond what 300 series can offer

From Slab to Strip: How Stainless Steel Coil Is Manufactured

Before it becomes coil, steel begins as a rough, heavy, and unformed slab. But through a sequence of thermomechanical processes, that raw steel evolves into a precisely engineered strip coil, ready to meet the demands of complex forming operations.

Yet not all coil takes the same journey. And for precision metalforming operations like stamping, deep draw, or hydroforming, the how behind coil production can matter as much as the what.

Here’s what you need to know about how stainless steel coil is made and why it matters to your bottom line.

Step 1: Hot Rolling – Creating the Initial Coil of Steel

The process begins at the melt shop, where alloying elements like chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and manganese are added to molten steel to create the desired stainless grade. Once cast into slabs, the material is hot rolled—that is, passed through heavy rollers at temperatures above °F. This reduces the slab’s thickness while elongating it into a coilable strip.

The resulting material is the first hot-rolled coil, typically with a rough, oxide-laden surface. It’s thick (often 0.100" or more), and while suitable for some structural applications, it’s not ready for fine-tolerance forming.

Step 2: Pickling – Cleaning the Slate

Before moving on to cold rolling, the hot-rolled coil of steel undergoes pickling; a chemical bath (usually nitric-hydrofluoric acid) that removes the mill scale and prepares the surface for downstream processing.

At this point, some mills might sell the coil as "hot-rolled, pickled, and oiled" (HRPO), but for high-precision applications, it's only halfway there.

Step 3: Cold Rolling – Where the Magic Happens

Cold rolling takes place at ambient temperatures using high-pressure rollers—sometimes in multiple passes—to refine the material’s thickness, flatness, and grain structure. This process dramatically improves dimensional control and work-hardens the metal, increasing its strength and consistency.

Many manufacturers stop here. But if you're building parts that can’t afford to fail, you need something more.

Many manufacturers stop after cold rolling (and annealing) to produce standard tempers. But if you're building parts that can’t afford to fail, you need the tight tolerances and property control offered by precision rerolling.

Step 4: Precision Rerolling – What Separates Good from Great

This is where Ulbrich enters the picture. Precision rerolling takes cold-rolled stainless steel and enhances it even further—tightening both dimensional tolerances and mechanical property windows to levels that commodity mills can’t consistently reach.

Using specialized cluster mills and in-line measurement systems, Ulbrich can achieve:

• Gauge tolerances as tight as ±0." across the full coil
• Width tolerances as tight as ±0.002", even on narrow coil
• Custom tempering, including quarter, half, three-quarter, and full hard
• Consistent surface finish, from bright annealed (BA) to matte or No. 4

Most mills report tolerances based on “centerline” samples. Ulbrich’s rerolling process ensures that those tolerances are held across the entire width and length of the coil, because real parts aren’t made from samples, they’re made from every inch of the coil.

Step 5: Annealing, Slitting & Final Finish

Between cold rolling passes, coils may be annealed: a heat treatment that softens the metal and restores ductility. For deep draw applications, this balance between strength and elongation is crucial.

Then comes slitting, where master coils are cut into narrower widths that match customer requirements. Whether you need a 24-inch-wide pancake coil for large panel work or a .125-inch oscillate-wound strip for high-speed stamping, this is where form factors are tailored to the job.

Beyond the Coil: Why Form, Fit, and Tolerance Define Success

When you’re sourcing stainless steel coil, it’s easy to focus on price, grade, and lead time. But in practice, your material’s form, dimensional tolerance, and mechanical profile will have far greater impact on your team’s success.

A coil that’s technically the right alloy but arrives in the wrong form, with inconsistent thickness or unpredictable yield strength can grind production to a halt. That’s why precision stamping and deep draw manufacturers are increasingly demanding not just “steel coil,” but coil engineered for their exact process conditions.

Let’s unpack what that means, starting with coil form.

Coil Form & Packaging: More Than Just a Preference

The way your coil stainless steel is wound, protected, and delivered isn’t just about logistics. It affects line speed, operator safety, tool wear, and how often you need to stop the press.

Pancake Coil (aka “Eye-to-Sky”)

The industry standard for decades, pancake, or ribbon wound, coils are flat wound and loaded vertically. They’re simple to handle and ideal for low to mid-volume jobs. But in high-speed operations, frequent coil changes can become a productivity bottleneck.

Want more information on Stainless Steel Sheet Coil? Feel free to contact us.

Ideal for:

• Prototype runs or low-volume production
• Manual or semi-automated feed systems
• Parts with simple geometries

Oscillate Wound Coil

Imagine a roll of sewing thread—that’s oscillate winding. By side-winding strip laterally onto a spool, you can combine several coils’ worth of material into a single, continuous reel. This minimizes downtime, eliminates press stops, and can reduce scrap caused by feed restarts.

Ideal for:

• High-speed progressive die stamping
• Long runs where uptime is critical
• Operations seeking to reduce labor and changeover time

Switching to oscillate coil can increase throughput by 15–30%, simply by cutting downtime. Ulbrich’s team helps customers evaluate ROI on form changes and can advise on decoiler compatibility.

Traverse Wound Coil

Mostly used in fine wire and ultra-narrow strip (<0.100”), traverse wound coil zigzags back and forth across a spool like a fishing reel. It’s an elegant solution for delicate material that needs to feed smoothly without kinks.

Ideal for:

• Medical device wire production
• Battery connector strip
• Narrow-dimension sensors or shielding applications

If you're confused about the difference between a ribbon-wound pancake coil and an oscillating or traverse-wound coil, check out this article.

Dimensional Tolerance: Width and Thickness Make or Break a Die

Even within spec, slight variations in thickness or width can wreak havoc on a forming process. A coil that’s 0.001" too thick at one end can cause galling, increased tonnage, or premature die wear. Too thin, and your part might tear or wrinkle.

⚠️ Pro tip: Always ask a supplier if they can hold tolerance across the entire coil—not just certify that a few test strips were within spec. That’s the difference between real precision and paperwork precision.

Mechanical Tolerances: Strength, Hardness & Elongation You Can Rely On

In stamping and deep draw, the “feel” of the metal matters. How it bends, flows, springs back, or resists tearing is governed by the metal’s mechanical properties, which must be controlled, not assumed.

The key metrics here include:

• Yield strength (the force needed to start permanent deformation)
• Tensile strength (the maximum load before fracture)
• Elongation (how far the metal can stretch without failing)
• Hardness/temper (a shorthand measure of ductility and springback)

When mechanicals vary from coil to coil, you lose control of part performance. You might crack on one run and wrinkle on the next. But with rerolled strip tuned to your die and draw depth, you get:

• Consistent press response
• Predictable springback
• Fewer first-article failures
• Higher part quality on the first press hit

Ulbrich achieves this not by guessing, but by working backwards from your part’s needs. We study your geometry, press forces, and forming limits, then engineer a strip coil with the exact properties to get you there, every time.

All Tolerance Is Cumulative

In forming operations, tolerance stacks. You’re not just dealing with coil variability; you’re combining that with die clearance, press repeatability, feed alignment, and more. The tighter your coil tolerance, the more breathing room you give your tooling.

Think of it like this:

• If your coil’s gauge varies by ±0.002", and your die only has 0.004" of clearance, you’ve already consumed half your margin before the press cycles once.
• But if your coil is held at ±0.", your process gains room to breathe and parts flow like clockwork.

Great Coil Goes Beyond Meeting Spec to Enable Success

At Ulbrich, we don’t treat coil as a commodity. We treat it as a critical input that allows stamping and deep draw teams to hit their goals, protect their tools, and meet production targets without second-guessing their material.

When the quality of the finished project is so dependent on the quality of materials, as it is in metal roofing, you want to be certain that you’re choosing the right products at the right price. And while the exact range for metal coils and sheets will vary widely, there are a variety of factors that will dictate their cost.

Sheffield Metals International (SMI) is a leading distributor of metal coils and sheets. Our main goal is to provide the industry with high-quality, reliable materials. Our relationships with contractors and their trust in our products allow them to focus on other aspects of the project, such as installation specifics and communication with the customer. Aside from supplying our customers with metal roofing products, we also create content in the form of articles, videos, and downloads.

In this article, we’ll look at the cost factors when it comes to buying metal coils and sheets, and which unique parts of your order — such as quantity, paint system, and custom colors, may impact the final price.

7 Cost Factors When Purchasing Metal Coils and Sheets

1. Material

The most common metal roofing materials are Galvalume (bare and painted), aluminum, stainless steel, copper, and zinc.

Products that are more accessible and commonly used for metal roofs, such as galvalume and aluminum, tend to be cheaper, while specialty products, such as stainless steel, copper, and zinc, can be much more expensive.

Part of this is because many suppliers might not carry these types of products in the first place, making them more exclusive. Other materials, such as copper, are also rarer, which drives up the price due to scarcity.

2. Dimensions

Metal roofing suppliers tend to offer “standard” coil widths, though these may differ from supplier to supplier. If you need something cut to a custom dimension that does not fall within a standard width, it will likely cost more.

3. Gauge

Thicker metals will cost more — 24-gauge metal, for instance, is more expensive than 26-gauge metal, but not by a huge margin. 24-gauge is the standard thickness used for standing seam metal roofs, as it offers more rigidity and strength than thinner metals, is less susceptible to oil canning, and is more likely to have available engineering and testing.

Although metal thickness will affect the cost of ordering coils and sheets, other considerations, such as the region you’re located in, can significantly impact the price.

4. Region

Where you’re located and where you need your order delivered can play a large role in the final cost. If you’re located in an isolated region, freight may cost more since delivering your products requires more effort.

On the other hand, if your metal roofing supplier is local, you may be able to go to their location to get the products, which can eliminate the cost of freight entirely.

The markets in different regions will vary and often drive costs up or down. In areas where metal roofing is hot and many different suppliers are vying for market share, prices for materials might drop. More isolated regions, or areas where metal roofing isn’t as popular, could see fewer options and higher prices.

Keep in mind, however, that if product prices seem too good to be true, sometimes they might be, and you could be buying products that aren’t the quality you’re looking for. Be sure you’re doing your research and finding a reliable supplier with testimonials or references. When it comes to metal roofing, finding the right products is the key to ensuring you can offer customers what they want and are building projects that will last.

5. Quantity

One of the more obvious factors regarding the final cost of ordering coils and sheets is the quantity you order. If you’re working on a commercial project, you’ll likely need a lot more materials than a residential job, so the cost will be higher. If you are ordering in bulk, however, you may be able to get discounts from your supplier. This will differ based on your unique supplier, and discounted bulk prices may not always be available.  

6. Paint System

The unique coating you choose for your metal, and the paint system, whether it’s polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) or silicon modified polyester (SMP), will also affect the cost. PVDF is more expensive than SMP, as it’s a premium product with excellent color retention, chalking and fading resistance, better warranty coverage, and cool metal roofing properties.

Color choice may also play a role in the final cost, especially if it’s a custom color, as it will take time for the supplier to work with a paint company to match that color. Premium colors, metallics, and colors with a weathered finish also tend to have higher price points.

7. Market Fluctuations

As with many raw materials, the price of coils and sheets will be based on the overall economy — supply chain issues, global events, and international conflicts. Some products are being shipped from around the world, so prices are very contingent on the whole system working in unity.

For instance, the metal roofing market recently experienced a shortage of PVDF in . PVDF is a metal roofing coating and is also used to make batteries for electric vehicles (EVs) and battery storage solutions for renewable energy systems.

Recently, there was a renewed demand for PVDF, with major players entering the market. EV and battery manufacturers were willing to pay higher prices for PVDF, which meant that PVDF manufacturers were more motivated to sell to that industry.

Plus, China, historically one of the largest PVDF manufacturers, had limited the supply of PVDF they were exporting. This created a new challenge for the metal roofing industry and raised the cost of PVDF significantly.

While factors like this may not be in your control when ordering products, it’s something to keep in mind as you see prices shift.

Where Can You Buy Metal Coils and Sheets?

Understanding the different pricing factors for metal coils and sheets can help you determine your budget and what to expect. Part of getting the right price, and the right products, comes down to finding a reliable, trusted metal roofing supplier.

Sheffield Metals has decades of experience in the industry and is dedicated to helping contractors meet their goals. Check out our additional content on ordering products from Sheffield Metals, or, if you’re ready, contact us today to place an order.

Are you interested in learning more about Stainless Steel Coil Price? Contact us today to secure an expert consultation!