How Does Bus Air Conditioning System Work?

Bus air conditioner catalogue

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Fundamentals of the Bus Air Conditioning System

The bus air conditioning system comprises various components such as the condenser, evaporator, compressor, magnetic clutch, alternator, fresh air device, blower, fan, return air grille, control panel, piping system, and electrical control system.

The interior of the evaporator contains the reservoir, filter drier, sight glass, cut-off valve, expansion valve, and fresh air device.

Mounted on the engine's side, the compressor interacts with the climate control panel of the

bus air conditioning system

, which has its own start-up mechanism situated near the instrument board.

Most commonly, the rooftop-mounted evaporator assembly utilizes SMC housing for superior component protection and insulation performance. Unlike the traditional FRP housing,

Guchen Industry

employs lighter, higher-strength, and more eco-friendly SMC and LFT materials.

The condenser includes innovative designs like the multi-flow condenser (micro channel condenser), and a traditional copper and fin condenser. A condenser fan circulates air through the condenser coil to enhance heat dissipation.

How the Bus Air Conditioning System Operates

When you activate the ON/OFF switch on the air conditioning control panel in the driver's cabin, the interconnecting electrical system engages the compressor via the electromagnetic clutch. This clutch is driven by a belt connected to the engine's driven pulley, enabling the compressor to circulate refrigerant through the interconnecting piping system.

The refrigerant used in our bus AC systems is R134a, which, when combined with heat from the passenger area, is compressed by the compressor into high-temperature, high-pressure gas and directed into the condenser coil via the air-conditioning pipeline.

As the refrigerant enters the condenser at a higher temperature than the ambient air, the condenser fan cools the coil, dissipating the heat energy from the hot gas refrigerant.

This process results in the refrigerant transitioning from a high-temperature, high-pressure gas to a medium-temperature, high-pressure liquid.

Next, the refrigerant, now a cooler liquid, travels through the reservoir and cut-off valve—this reduces refrigerant waste during maintenance and aids after-sale support—and enters the filter drier to remove moisture and impurities.

After filtration, the refrigerant moves to the sight glass, which allows for visual inspection of refrigerant levels.

Subsequently, the cool liquid refrigerant flows through the expansion valve into the evaporator. The expansion valve regulates the refrigerant flow into the evaporator coil, reducing its pressure.

The evaporator absorbs heat energy from the passenger cabin via the return air grille, enhanced with a fresh air system that eliminates particulates without interfering with the cooling effect. The

evaporator blower

then delivers the chilled and cleansed air back into the cabin through the evaporator coil.

During this evaporation phase, the refrigerant changes from liquid to gas, resulting in a pressure drop from high to low—this energy transfer is essential for the cooling process.

The evaporator's cooling effect also results in condensation of moisture from the warm air, which is expelled outside the bus.

The now-warmed refrigerant gas is then drawn back into the compressor, where the refrigeration cycle recommences.

Overview of the Bus Air Conditioning System

A bus air conditioning system operates through an intricate network of components working synchronously. The fundamental principle involves the heat exchange resulted from the cooling agent's continuous compression, condensation, evaporation, and expansion, ensuring a pleasant environment for passengers and drivers alike.

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